![]() To allow john to execute sudo command without a password prompt by editing the file as follows, john ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALLĪfter entering the password when sudo is invoked, by default the timeout is set to 5 minutes before any other sudo user command requires a password again. To allow a user john to only execute chmod command as sudo, we edit the file as follows, sudo visudo We can also limit the programs a user can execute as sudo by editing this file. To add a user to this group we write, usermod -aG sudo username Members of the sudo group which is defined in the sudoers file have administrative rights and are able to execute any command as the root user. -p, -preserve-environment, for preserving the current shell environment.-s, -shell SHELL, to specify a different shell.-l, -login USERNAME, to run a login script so as to change to a specific user. ![]() -c, -command COMMAND, to run a specific command as a specified user.The syntax for su command is as follows, su ] When the above command is executed sudo check the sudoers file to check whether the user invoking the command has rights. The basic form without any options is as follows, sudo command The syntax for the sudo command is as follows, sudo COMMAND Sudo grants a one time access where while su grants unlimited access. With it we can switch accounts without logging off from the current session. Su command allows a user to execute commands with another user's privileges. Sudo command allows a user with proper permissions to execute commands as root user with administrative privileges. ![]() ![]() (In our case, that would be “~/.config/fish/config.fish”.) For all intents and purposes, it’s best to leave things that way rather than copying over the user configuration to “/root”.Ĭhanging to your user account’s shell when swapping over to root should only be done if you need to run a script that absolutely needs that particular shell.In this article we discuss both the sudo and su commands in Linux both of which deal with assigning privileges to user so that they can execute certain commands. If you don’t have such a thing, it will just load the default configuration instead of your personal one. The shell will follow whichever configuration you have in root’s home folder. Loading the user shell by using sudo -s yields a drastically different result. But if you run anything else, you’ll immediately notice how different things can be!įor example, let’s say you’re running the fish shell for your user account and keep the root shell in bash. In most instances, elevating to root through either shell will not result in any noticeable change. If you use an unmodified bash shell for your user account, the difference is mostly philosophical. Using sudo -i is virtually the same as the sudo su command with one exception: it does not directly interact with the root user. While you could do this in the meantime, you should still reset the root password at some point. This is useful in situations where you may have forgotten the root password if it’s different from the password for your user account. Root is given with sudo su by requesting the current user’s password, which makes it possible to gain root without the root password. Though there isn’t a large divergence between sudo su and su, the former is still a very useful command for one important reason: when a user is running su to gain root access on a system, they must know the root password. If any command is run with sudo in front of it, it is given root privileges. When sudo su is run, “.profile,” “.bashrc” and “/etc/profile” will be started, much like running su (or su root). It’s essentially the same as just running su in the shell, save for one crucial difference: instead of telling the system to “switch users” directly, you’re telling it to run the su command with superuser privileges.
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